A base deficit less than -19 mEq/L is associated with what outcome?

A base deficit of less than -19 mEq/L indicates a significant metabolic acidosis, which often arises in critical situations such as severe sepsis, shock, or multi-organ failure. Such a severe level of acidosis reflects a substantial derangement in the body's ability to maintain homeostasis, particularly in terms of oxygen delivery and utilization.

In critically ill patients, a high base deficit usually correlates with a more profound level of metabolic disturbance and is associated with tissue hypoperfusion and cellular injury. This perturbation often leads to a cascade of adverse physiological consequences, making the prospect of recovery extremely challenging. Therefore, a base deficit at or below -19 mEq/L is generally indicative of a poor prognosis, with a higher likelihood of morbidity or mortality.

In summary, the association of a base deficit lower than -19 mEq/L with poor outcomes emphasizes the critical nature of assessing acid-base imbalances in patient management, particularly in emergency and critical care settings.