How is the base deficit replacement formula calculated?

The base deficit replacement formula is calculated by taking the negative base excess (BE) and multiplying it by 0.1, and then multiplying that result by the patient's weight in kilograms. This formula helps to determine the volume of buffer solution required to correct metabolic acidosis by addressing the base deficit measured in the patient's blood.

The rationale behind using this formula is based on the need to account for the stoichiometric relationship of bicarbonate (or other buffers) administration to correctly restore the acid-base balance in the body. The 0.1 coefficient is derived from clinical practice guidelines, indicating that for each kilogram of body weight, a specific volume of buffer solution needs to be replaced to effectively correct the base deficit.

By using this method, healthcare providers can ensure they are delivering the appropriate amount of bicarbonate or buffer solution based on the patient's weight and the severity of the acidosis indicated by the base deficit value. The other options do not correctly represent the process and thus would not provide an accurate calculation for base deficit replacement.