How soon do symptoms of TRALI typically begin after transfusion?

Symptoms of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) typically begin within 1 to 6 hours after transfusion. This time frame is critical for the identification and management of TRALI because the onset of symptoms is relatively rapid compared to other transfusion reactions. Recognizing the early signs of TRALI, such as acute respiratory distress and hypotension, can significantly impact patient outcomes by prompting immediate intervention and supportive care.

The 1 to 6-hour window aligns with the pathophysiological mechanisms of TRALI, where the reaction is often related to antibodies in the donor’s plasma that react with the recipient's leukocytes, leading to an inflammatory response and pulmonary distress. Awareness of this timing helps healthcare providers monitor patients closely during and after transfusions, ensuring that any adverse reactions can be detected and treated promptly.