Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) mainly presents with which symptoms?

Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) is a complication that can occur after a blood transfusion, primarily characterized by volume overload in the circulatory system. The symptoms that arise from TACO are largely a result of the heart and lungs being overwhelmed by the excess volume, leading to pulmonary congestion and increased venous pressure.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common symptom due to the increased blood volume and subsequent workload on the heart. Jugular Venous Distention (JVD) is also a key sign, as elevated central venous pressure causes distention of the jugular veins, indicating that the right side of the heart is struggling to manage the increased blood flow effectively. Together, these signs underscore the clinical presentation of TACO, which is directly linked to excessive fluid volume entering the circulatory system during or shortly after a transfusion.

In contrast, the other symptoms listed do not accurately represent TACO. For instance, chest pain and dizziness may suggest other complications such as an allergic reaction or an acute hemolytic reaction, while fever and chills are typically indicators of febrile non-hemolytic reactions or infections. Confusion and lethargy can indicate severe hypoxia or metabolic derangements