What can cause neonatal respiratory distress?

Neonatal respiratory distress can be caused by a variety of factors, and meconium is one significant contributor. When a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid, it can lead to a condition known as meconium aspiration syndrome. This occurs when the meconium obstructs the airways, leading to difficulty breathing, reduced lung function, and inflammation in the lungs. The presence of meconium can also cause chemical irritation, further complicating the infant’s ability to breathe effectively.

Identifying the presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid during labor is critical for anticipating and managing potential respiratory distress in the newborn. Proper resuscitation measures and ongoing monitoring are crucial in these cases to address the implications of meconium aspiration and provide appropriate respiratory support.

The other options—congenital heart defects, prematurity, and infections—are indeed recognized causes of neonatal respiratory distress, but in the context of the question and the focus on the choice provided, meconium is uniquely significant due to its direct association with airway management challenges immediately after birth.