What characterizes a child with congestive heart failure?

A child with congestive heart failure is typically characterized by cardiomegaly and hepatomegaly. Cardiomegaly refers to an enlargement of the heart, which occurs as it works harder to pump blood due to compromised cardiac function. This enlargement can indicate an underlying issue such as heart muscle dysfunction or valvular heart disease.

Hepatomegaly, or enlargement of the liver, occurs as a result of increased pressure in the venous system due to heart failure. The liver becomes congested with blood, leading to its enlargement. In clinical practice, these findings can help healthcare providers identify and confirm a diagnosis of congestive heart failure in children.

Other options may present symptoms that can occur in various conditions, but the specific combination of cardiomegaly and hepatomegaly is particularly indicative of congestive heart failure in pediatric patients.