What condition may result from hyperventilating in Assist-Control Ventilation (AC)?

Hyperventilation during Assist-Control Ventilation (AC) can lead to a condition known as Auto-PEEP, or intrinsic PEEP. This occurs when excessive ventilation results in air trapping by not allowing sufficient time for exhalation between breaths. The increased respiratory rate can outpace the patient's ability to fully exhale, which in turn causes leftover air to accumulate in the lungs. This trapped air can create a situation where the pressure in the thoracic cavity rises, leading to Auto-PEEP.

The condition can manifest as a decreased respiratory compliance and can complicate further ventilation strategies. Patients may exhibit signs of decreased tidal volumes and increased work of breathing. Managing Auto-PEEP often involves adjusting ventilator settings, such as reducing the respiratory rate, ensuring longer expiratory times, or utilizing bronchodilators if indicated.

Understanding Auto-PEEP is essential, as it can potentially interfere with the effectiveness of ventilation and contribute to negative consequences, including decreased oxygenation and elevated carbon dioxide levels.