What happens to pH when CO2 levels increase?

When carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood increase, the pH of the blood decreases, leading to a more acidic environment. This is due to the relationship outlined in the bicarbonate buffering system, which plays a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance in the body.

As CO2 levels rise, it combines with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). This acid can dissociate into bicarbonate (HCO3-) and hydrogen ions (H+). The increase in hydrogen ions is what contributes to the lowering of the pH. Therefore, higher concentrations of CO2 lead to a decrease in pH, resulting in respiratory acidosis if the condition persists. This understanding is fundamental in critical care settings, as it helps paramedics assess and manage patients with respiratory conditions and metabolic imbalances effectively.