What is the name given to a C1 fracture caused by axial loading?

A fracture of the C1 vertebra caused by axial loading is specifically known as Jefferson's fracture. This type of injury occurs when a compressive force is applied to the top of the skull, leading to a burst-like fracturing of the C1 vertebra, which is also referred to as the atlas. Jefferson's fracture is characterized by breaking of the anterior and posterior arches of the C1 vertebra, and it can potentially lead to instability in the cervical spine if the ligaments are also compromised.

Understanding the mechanism of injury is crucial in identifying this type of fracture. Since it results from vertical compression on the skull, this mechanism distinguishes it from other types of cervical fractures. Other fractures, such as the Hangman's fracture, involve the axis (C2) and are typically caused by hyperextension and distraction forces rather than axial loading. This distinction is important in clinical practice for diagnosis and management.