What is the primary role of PEEP in mechanical ventilation?

The primary role of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) in mechanical ventilation is to prevent airway collapse. PEEP maintains a positive pressure in the airways at the end of expiration, which helps to keep the alveoli open, thereby improving oxygenation and enhancing gas exchange. By preventing the collapse of the alveoli, PEEP increases the functional residual capacity (FRC), allowing for more efficient ventilation and better oxygen delivery to the bloodstream. This is especially vital in patients with conditions such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or those with refractory hypoxemia, as it minimizes the risk of atelectasis (lung collapse) and maximizes lung recruitment.

While delivering oxygen is an important aspect of mechanical ventilation, PEEP specifically influences the mechanics of lung function rather than the direct delivery of oxygen. Monitoring respiratory rate and adjusting tidal volume are critical components of ventilator management, but they do not directly relate to the central function of PEEP. Thus, understanding the role of PEEP in preventing airway collapse is essential for optimizing ventilation strategies in critical care settings.