Which of the following conditions can lead to hyperkalemia as a contraindication for succinylcholine?

The condition that can lead to hyperkalemia as a contraindication for succinylcholine is acute kidney injury. In cases of acute kidney injury, the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete potassium, which can lead to elevated serum potassium levels. Succinylcholine is known to cause a transient increase in potassium levels due to its mechanism of action, which can result in serious cardiac complications if the baseline potassium is already elevated.

Therefore, in patients with acute kidney injury, the risk of hyperkalemia is heightened, making the use of succinylcholine potentially dangerous. It is critical in emergency and critical care settings to evaluate the renal function of patients prior to administering neuromuscular blockers like succinylcholine, especially if the patients present with conditions that affect potassium homeostasis.