Which of the following is NOT included in the MUDPILES acronym?

MUDPILES is an acronym used to help remember the common causes of metabolic acidosis, particularly highlighting the various anions that can contribute to elevated anion gap acidosis. The components of the acronym outline different conditions or substances that lead to increased acid production or reduced acid elimination in the body.

In this context, carbon monoxide does not typically cause metabolic acidosis reflected in the MUDPILES framework. While carbon monoxide is a serious toxin that can cause significant physiological effects, it leads primarily to hypoxia and impaired oxygen transport rather than a direct increase in acid production or a change in the anion gap.

On the other hand, uremia, propylene glycol, and alcohol (specifically methanol and ethylene glycol, among others) are substances that are indeed included in the MUDPILES acronym because they can cause a significant accumulation of acid when present in the body, thus increasing the anion gap and contributing to metabolic acidosis.

Understanding the relevance of each component within MUDPILES allows healthcare professionals to quickly identify potential causes of metabolic acidosis during critical assessments in a patient presenting with metabolic derangements.