Which part of the brain contains central chemoreceptors driving responses primarily based on CO2 levels?

The central chemoreceptors responsible for monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and driving respiratory responses are located in the medulla and pons, which are parts of the brainstem. These chemoreceptors play a crucial role in the regulation of breathing by detecting changes in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid, which reflects CO2 levels in the blood. When CO2 levels increase, the pH decreases, leading to an increase in the rate and depth of respiration to eliminate excess carbon dioxide from the body.

The medulla, specifically the ventral respiratory group and the dorsal respiratory group, integrates sensory information from these chemoreceptors and modulates respiratory patterns to maintain homeostasis. The pons complements these functions by influencing the smooth transition between inhalation and exhalation. Together, the medulla and pons ensure that the body responds appropriately to varying levels of CO2, thereby maintaining acid-base balance and ensuring adequate oxygenation.