Which type of deceleration is typically associated with cord compression?

Variable decelerations are typically associated with cord compression due to their characteristic pattern and timing related to uterine contractions. When the umbilical cord is compressed—either by the fetus's position, uterine contractions, or other factors—blood flow through the cord can be impeded, leading to a transient decrease in the heart rate of the fetus. These decelerations are often abrupt and can vary in duration and intensity, which directly reflects the intermittent nature of the cord compression.

In contrast, early decelerations usually occur simultaneously with uterine contractions and are a result of fetal head compression, which does not signify cord compression. Late decelerations occur after the peak of a contraction and are indicative of uteroplacental insufficiency rather than cord issues. Sinusoidal variations represent a specific pattern of fetal heart rate that can indicate severe fetal compromise but are not directly associated with cord compression.

Understanding variable decelerations allows clinicians to monitor fetal well-being and take appropriate interventions if needed, making it a crucial aspect of fetal heart rate assessment during labor.